System and method for clam farming

ABSTRACT

A system and method for clam farming includes a supply ship coupled to a clam planter via a supply tube bundle having a plurality of individual tubes. The supply ship has a separation station configured for introducing individual clams into the individual supply tubes at a periodic interval. The clam planter includes an underwater vehicle and a plurality of row components that are slideably engaged with the underwater vehicle. Each of the row components is coupled to one of the individual tubes. As the underwater vehicle travels in a forward direction, the row components plow furrows and transport the individual clams into the furrows as they exit the individual tubes according to the periodic interval. A clam farm results having rows of clams near node points spaced from one another by node and row separation distances.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates, in general, to aquaculture production of seafood,and, in particular, to systems and methods for clam farming.

2. Description of the Related Art

Conventional clam farming experiences relatively high mortality ratesduring the clam growth period generally lasting many months or years forclams to grow to marketable size from seed stock. In an attempt tocounter the mortality issue of the growth period, conventional clamfarmers plant clams in relatively high densities. Unfortunately, thishigh density planting can increase expenditures for the initial seedstock. Also, with high planting densities, mortality rates duringharvest are increased because as some clams are dug up, their closelypacked neighbors are accidentally destroyed. Furthermore, mortalityduring the growth period typically has a less than uniform distributionwith possible results including areas with few or no clam populationsand other areas having overly dense populations of poorly formed andstunted clams adversely impacting production efficiencies.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Some embodiments include a clam farm below the surface of a body ofwater having a mean high tide level. The clam farm includes a pluralityof clams arranged in rows. The rows are separated from each other bysubstantially a row separation distance. Each row has node points beingseparated from one another by a node separation distance. Each clam isburied substantially at a predetermined depth below a portion of theEarth's surface, the portion of the Earth's surface being below the meanhigh tide level of the body of water. Each clam has a hinge with areference point being defined as a mid-point on the clam hinge. Eachburied clam has its reference point located within 30% of the nodeseparation distance and within 30% of the row separation distance fromone of the node points on one of the rows.

Other embodiments include a system associated with a body of waterhaving a surface. The system includes a supply ship configured to belocated on or near the surface of the body of water. The supply shipincludes a separation station having at least one receiver configured toreceive clams and transport fluid. A clam planter includes an underwatervehicle and at least one row component. The underwater vehicle isconfigured to travel along the Earth's surface below the surface of thebody of water. The row component is slideably coupled to the underwatervehicle and configured to expose portions of the Earth at apredetermined depth below its surface as the underwater vehicle travelsalong the Earth's surface. A tube is coupled to the receiver and the rowcomponent. The tube is configured to conduct the received clams and thetransport fluid from the receiver of the separation station to the rowcomponent. The row component is further configured to output thereceived clams into the exposed portions.

Other embodiments include a method for planting clams in part of theEarth having a surface below a surface of a body of water. The methodincludes introducing an individual clam into an opening of a first endof a tube; exposing a portion of the part of the Earth below its surfaceto a predetermined depth; and positioning a second end of the tube withrespect to the exposed portion of Earth to allow the clam to enter theexposed portion of Earth.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating of a clam farm.

FIG. 2A is a schematic illustrating a first implementation portion of.the clam farm.

FIG. 2B is a schematic illustrating a second implementation portion ofthe clam farm.

FIG. 2C is a schematic illustrating a clam.

FIG. 2D is a schematic illustrating further detail of the clam farmportions including positioning of the clam shown in FIG. 2C.

FIG. 3 is a schematic showing a clam planter coupled to a supply ship bya supply tube in relation with the clam farm.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view schematic of the clam planter and supplyship shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged rear view schematic of the clam planter shown inFIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 6A is an enlarged schematic of a separation station of the supplyship shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 6B is an enlarged schematic of a portion of the separation stationshown in FIG. 6A showing further operational details.

FIG. 7A is an enlarged side view schematic of a lower portion of a rowcomponent of the claim planter shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7B is an enlarged front view schematic of the lower portion of therow component shown in FIG. 7B.

FIG. 7C is an enlarged rear view schematic of the lower portion of therow component shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A system and method for clam farming is described herein to plant, grow,and harvest clams while emphasizing considerations such as mortalityreductions and production efficiencies.

As generally depicted in FIG. 1, a clam farm 10 is located along andbelow a portion of the Earth's surface 12 being generally at or below amean tide level 16, and more particularly, at or below an upper depth 18dependent upon an inter-tidal zone having a mean tidal high and meantidal low and at or above a lower depth 20 generally dependent uponphysiological constraints of divers or other practical constraintsimposed by growing conditions for the clams if automated roboticharvesting techniques were employed.

In the clam farm 10, clams are planted at a predetermined depth belowthe Earth's surface with reference to guides 22, made from polyethylenerope, wire, bundled cable, fiber optic cable, or other flexible members,laid out along the Earth's surface or etched into the Earth's surface.The guides 22 are generally separated by a guide separation distance 23from each other and further demarcated by markers 24, such as weightedlines with buoys, or flags, or other demarcating device. In particularand is best seen in FIG. 2A, clams 26 are generally spaced from oneanother, given certain tolerances and mortalities further discussedbelow, a node separation distance 27 in sequential placements or rows28. The rows 28 are spaced from one another by a row separation distance29, which is typically substantially equal to the node separationdistance 27 as shown in FIG. 2A. The rows 28 extend generally parallelto the guide 22. Portions of the rows 28 can be substantially straightas exemplified in FIG. 2A or curved as exemplified in FIG. 28 dependingupon the contour of the particular portion of the Earth's surface 12where the rows are located.

To further describe placement of the clams 26, a clam reference point 26a, shown in FIG. 2C, is defined as being located mid-way on the hinge ofeach clam 26. The clams 26 are planted along the rows 28 so that theclam reference points 26 a are substantially located within a giventolerance region N1 of a node point N of a grid of node points N spacedfrom one another along the rows by the node separation distance 27 andspaced apart from adjacent rows by the row separation distance 29 asshown in the fragmentary portion of the clam farm 10 shown in FIG. 2D.During planting of the clams 26, each of the clam reference points 26 ais located within its respective tolerance region N1 around theassociated node point N, depicted as a circular region with a radius Rhaving a length approximately 5% to 30% of the node separation distance27 or the row separation distance 29, which are typically the same.

If the clams 26 have been successfully planted to a properpre-determined depth below the Earth's surface 12, the clams will remainsubstantially stationary so that as each of the clams grow, theassociated clam reference point 26 a will remain within its respectivetolerance region N1 of the associated node point N. Furthermore, duringthe growth period of the clams 26, some implementations can experiencecertain mortalities of typically up to 15% and other implementations upto 25% such that 85% or 75%, respectively, of the clams mature forharvest at the desired marketable weight. Consequently, althoughsubstantially all of the node points N will have one clam referencepoint 26 a within the associated tolerance region range immediatelyafter planting to entirely populate the clam farm 10, at the end of thegrowth period at harvest time, there will not be a harvestable viableclam with an associated clam reference point 26 a within the toleranceregions of the node points N for up to the 15% or 25% of the node pointsN.

The node separation distance 27 and the row separation distance 29 canbe chosen based upon such factors as nutrient levels and rates availableto the clams 26, water temperature and ranges, desired range ofmarketable weight for the clams, whether a desired planting depth of theclams can be achieved, the species of clams being planted, and the sizeof the clams being planted. An exemplary implementation for geoduck(panopea generosa) or horse clams may use a distance value between 6 and12 inches for the node separation distance 27 and the row separationdistance 29, with the distance value possibly being as small as 3 inchesfor a desired marketable weight range of between 1.5 and 2 pounds. Otherclams, such as manila clams, with a smaller desired marketable weightrange may have the node separation distance 27 and the row separationdistance 29 between 2 and 3 inches with the distance value possiblybeing as small as 1 inch.

The clams 26 are planted using a clam planter 30 traveling along theguide 22 in a forward direction of travel 31, as shown in FIG. 3. Theclams 26 are supplied to the clam planter 30 from a supply ship 32 by asupply tube bundle 34. The clam planter 30 is configured to plant aplurality of the rows 28 typically on either side of the guide 22 in onepass as the clam planter traces the trail demarcated by the guide.

The supply tube bundle 34 is typically made up of a plurality ofindividual tubes, one for each of the plurality of the rows 28 plantedin a pass. The tubes of the supply tube bundle 34 typically are flexibleto allow for motion of the supply ship 32 and the clam planter 30 andare typically substantially clear to allow for visual monitoring of theclams 26 as they move through the tubes. Each individual tube suppliesthe clams 26 to the clam planter 30 for a separate one of the rows 28that the clam planter plants in a single pass along the guide 22. Foreach one of the rows 28 that the clam planter 30 plants at anyone pass,the clams 26 are introduced into the respective individual tubes of thesupply tube bundle 34 at a periodic interval with the clam plantertraveling at substantially a uniform velocity, such as 3 to 30 ft/min,in the forward direction of travel 31 selected, so that the clams 26 areplanted at substantially the node separation distance 27 within adesired tolerance region N1 such as described above. Furthermore, therow separation distance 29 is determined by structural configurations ofthe clam planter 30 further detailed below.

As shown in FIG. 4, the supply ship 32 includes a surface platform 36 tosupport operations personnel and equipment involved with supplying theclams 26 to the clam planter 30. Equipment on the supply ship 32includes a separation station 38 and a control station 40. Theseparation station 38 includes a work bench 42 with a top surface 44 toposition the clams 26 to be individually separated for introduction intoan individual tube of the supply tube bundle 34 through one of aplurality of receivers 46 being equal to the number of the plurality ofrows being planted in a pass of the clam planter 30. Each of theindividual tubes of the supply tube bundle 34 is coupled to one receiver46 of the separation station 38. Each receiver 46 of the plurality ofreceivers has a reduced portion 48 that is coupled by a fitting 49 toone of the individual tubes of the supply tube bundle 34.

The receivers 46 are generally funnel shaped to allow for a transitionof separated clams 26 from being stationary with other clams on thesurface 44 of the work bench 42 to being transported inside one of theindividual tubes of the supply tube bundle 34. Once one of the clams 26is separated and introduced into the receiver 46 a water supply 50provides water to transport the clam from the receiver into one of theindividual tubes. The waters supply 50 uses an extraction tube 52 togather uptake water 53 through a pumping action provided by a pump 54and to distribute the uptake water 53 as transport water 59 through amanifold 56 coupled with a plurality of individual nozzles 58 oneassociated with each receiver 46. The transport water 59 leaving each ofthe individual nozzles 58 is directed into the associated one of thereceivers 46 to assist in moving the clam 26 therein in a clam entrydirection 60 toward and into the individual tube of the supply tubebundle 34 attached to the receiver.

The clam planter 30 includes cameras 61 coupled to the control station40 through a control cable 62 that allow an operator at the controlstation to monitor planting and travel progress by the clam planter andto accordingly adjust operational aspects of the clam planter throughthe control station, such as travel speed and direction of travel of theunderwater vehicle 66, flow rate of the transport water 59, and intervalperiod for introduction of the individual clams 26 into the individualtubes of the supply tube bundle 34. The clam planter 30 further includesa plurality of row components 64 having a number equal to the pluralityof rows planted in one pass by the clam planter and an underwatervehicle 66 carrying the row components as the clam planter travels. Eachof the row components 64 is coupled to one of the individual tubes ofthe supply tube bundle 34 by a fitting 68 to receive the clams 26 fromthe supply ship 32. Each of the row components 64 includes a shaft 70slideably coupled to the underwater vehicle 66 in a substantiallyvertical orientation along its longitudinal dimension.

Removably coupled to a mid-portion of the shaft 70 are one or moreweights 72 secured on the shaft through use of a stop 74 locatedtherebelow. Coupled to another mid-portion of the shaft 70 below theweights 72 is a ski 75 configured to ride upon the Earth's surface 12 tomaintain a desired spatial relationship of the shaft with respect to theEarth's surface. Further coupled to a lower portion of the shaft 70 area plow 76 and a deposit tube 78. The shaft 70 is hollow along itslongitudinal dimension and receives the clams 26 through the fitting 68from one of the individual tubes of the supply tube bundle 34 andtransports the clams to the end of the deposit tube 78. The plow 76extends from the ski 75 to a predetermined depth D into the Earth tocreate a furrow ahead of the position of the deposit tube 78 with theunderwater vehicle 66 moving in the forward direction of travel 31 andthe row components 64 so coupled to the underwater vehicle as shown inFIG. 4.

The deposit tube 78 is curved rearward, away from the plow 76 so that asthe underwater vehicle 66 moves in the forward direction of travel 31the deposit tube does not become plugged with soil substrate. The clams26 exit the deposit tube 78 at the predetermined depth D in one of therows 28 and at intervals substantially spaced at the node separationdistance 27 based upon periodic separation and introduction ofindividual clams into the corresponding receiver 46 of the supply ship32. The predetermined depth D is dependent upon the size of the clams 26being planted. For instance, typically for implementations for plantingclams 26 ranging in size between 2 mm and 12 mm, a depth ofapproximately 3.5 to 4 inches has been found effective.

The underwater vehicle 66 follows generally accepted construction anddesign practices for underwater vehicles including treads 80, wheels 82,and frame members 84. Details of the underwater vehicle 66 includingpropulsion and control are conventionally known. As best shown in FIG. 5for an exemplary implementation, one of the frame members 84 runningperpendicular to the forward direction of travel 31 has a series ofvertical openings 84 a, which each allow one of the shafts 70 of the rowcomponents 64 to be slideably coupled to the underwater vehicle 66 whileallowing the shaft to move vertically in a fashion largely independentto the vertical position of the frame member.

FIG. 6A has further detail of the exemplary separation station 38showing a full complement of six receivers 46 and associated nozzles 58coupled to the manifold 56. FIG. 6B shows operational details wherein anoperator 87 uses a separator tool 86 to separate one of the clams 26from a pile clams to introduce the separated clam to the receiver 46 tobe transported by transport water 59 from one of the nozzles 58 into oneof the individual tubes of the supply tube bundle 34. Furtherimplementations include a signaling device (not shown) to alert theoperator when to separate a next clam to send to the receiver 46. Thesignaling device could use any combination of audio, tactile, or visualstimulation to alert the operator. The signaling device would typicallybe communicatively linked to the control station 40 so that thefrequency of when the individual clams 26 are introduced into thereceivers 46 would be coordinated with the speed of the underwatervehicle 66 in the forward direction of travel 31.

Various orientational views of the ski 75, the plow 76, and the deposittube 78 are shown in FIGS. 7A-7C. FIG. 7A is a side view with respect tothe forward direction of travel 31, which shows detail of how the hollowcenter portion of the shaft 70 interfaces with the deposit tube 78.Although the plow 76 is shown with a pointed tip, many otherimplementations can be used which include both sharp and dulled rods,tines, and other substantially rigid extending members. As shown inFIGS. 7A-7C, the exemplary implementation of the ski 75 has a broad formsomewhat reminiscent of a shape of a water-ski although in otherimplementations, the ski may have other configurations including otherwidths, tapers, and tip shapes such as used for types of activitiesinvolving water, snow, earth, or ice. In some implementations, the ski75 may be slightly bent along its longitudinal edges (not shown) in sucha way to gently push the soil loosened by the plow 76 back onto portionsof the furrow created by the plow immediately after the clams 26 havebeen placed into those portions of the furrow.

The foregoing described embodiments depict different componentscontained within, or connected with, different other components. It isto be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary,and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented whichachieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangementof components to achieve the same functionality is effectively“associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, anytwo components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality canbe seen as “associated with” each other such that the desiredfunctionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedialcomponents. Likewise, any two components so associated can also beviewed as being “operably connected,” or “operably coupled,” to eachother to achieve the desired functionality.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shownand described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that,based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be madewithout departing from this invention and its broader aspects and,therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope allsuch changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scopeof this invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that theinvention is solely defined by the appended claims. Note: it will beunderstood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein,and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appendedclaims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term“including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” theterm “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term“includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if aspecific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such anintent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence ofsuch recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, evenif a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitlyrecited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitationshould typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number(e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations).

1-11. (canceled)
 12. A clam planter comprising: an underwater vehicleconfigured to travel along a portion of the Earth's surface below thesurface of the body of water, the underwater vehicle including a memberand configured to travel in a forward direction; and a plurality of rowcomponents, each slideably engaged with the underwater vehicle memberand spaced from one another at least in a direction substantiallyperpendicular to the forward direction of travel of the underwatervehicle, each of the plurality of row components including: a shaftsized to slideably engage with a complementary opening in the underwatervehicle member, the shaft having a longitudinal dimension so positionedin a substantially vertical orientation, the shaft further includingfirst and second ends and an internal cavity running from the first andsecond ends along the longitudinal dimension and so sized to receive atthe first end clams having a desired size for planting and to receivetransport water; at least one weight coupled to the shaft; a plowcoupled toward the second end of the shaft, the plow shaped andpositioned to produce a furrow, having a bottom, when the underwatervehicle travels in the forward direction; a deposit tube having firstand second ends, the first end coupled to the cavity of the shaft at thesecond end of the shaft, the deposit tube so shaped to orient the secondend of the deposit tube substantially facing opposite the forwarddirection of travel and to position the second end of the deposit tubesubstantially at a predetermined depth substantially adjacent the bottomof the furrow; and a ski coupled toward the second end of the shaft, theski sized and positioned to maintain the position of the plow such thatthe bottom of the furrow remains substantially a predetermined depth.13-15. (canceled)
 16. A system for planting clams in part of the Earthhaving a surface below a surface of a body of water, the systemcomprising: means for introducing an individual clam into an opening ofa first end of a tube; means for exposing a portion of the part of theEarth below its surface to a predetermined depth; and means forpositioning a second end of the tube with respect to the exposed portionof Earth to allow the clam to enter the exposed portion of Earth.
 17. Asystem for planting clams in part of the Earth having a surface below asurface of a body of water, the system comprising: means for introducingindividual clams into an opening of a first end of a tube atsubstantially an determined interval; means for plowing a furrow at acertain speed in a portion of the part of the Earth, the interval ofintroducing individual clams being determined according to the certainspeed of plowing; and means for positioning a second end of the tube toallow the clams to enter the furrow spaced within a tolerance region bya node separation distance.